Technique to Extract Hypoderma sp. (Diptera: Oestridae) Larvae from the Backs of Cattle

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Abstract
Cattle grub (Hypoderma sp.) larvae can be extracted from backs of cattle when as little as 1 ml of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is injected into the warble through the breathing hole. Larvae are expelled by the back pressure caused by the H2O2 activity. They then can be identified easily to in star and species because there is less physical damage to the specimen than is often seen in grubs extracted manually. This advantage is especially useful in research trials of control agents or in surveys when whole specimens are required. The technique also offers a method of grub extraction from untreated dairy or show cattle.