Wave profile modification (optical guiding) induced by free-electron laser interaction

Abstract
Modification of the transverse intensity profile of a single electromagnetic waveguide mode during the free-electron laser (FEL) interaction has been measured. This effect is the waveguide analog to free-space optical guiding. The studies were carried out at microwave frequencies (812 GHz) in a FEL with use of a mildly relativistic electron beam of ≃200 kV energy and ≃1.0 A current. The probing of the rf fields was accomplished by small electric dipole antennas inserted in the interaction region. The observed intensity profiles are compared with the measured FEL-induced phase shifts (wave refractive index).

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