Abstract
Labeo gonius (Ham.) and L. dero (Ham.) of the family Cyprinidae have 54 (2n) rod shaped chromosomes. The primary and secondary spermatocytes have 27 rounded chromosomes of approximately the same size. The karyotype of Labeo species evidently represents a primitive condition in the evolution of chromosome number and form in Teleosts. In a number of cyprinids a varying number of V-shaped chromosomes have been reported in addition to the rods. Each V-shaped chromosome arose by the centric fusion of two rods; thus it is suggested that originally cyprinids had 54 rods, a karyotype much like that described here for Labeo species.

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