GRIM-19, a death-regulatory gene product, suppresses Stat3 activity via functional interaction

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Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) is a latent cytoplasmic transcription factor that can be activated by cytokines and growth factors. Stat3 plays important roles in cell growth, anti‐apoptosis and cell transformation, and is constitutively active in various cancers. We examined its potential regulators by yeast two‐hybrid screening. GRIM‐19, a gene product related to interferon‐β‐ and retinoic acid‐induced cancer cell death, was identified and demonstrated to interact with Stat3 in various cell types. The interaction is specific for Stat3, but not for Stat1 and Stat5a. The interaction regions in both proteins were mapped, and the cellular localization of the interaction was examined. GRIM‐19 itself co‐localizes with mitochondrial markers, and forms aggregates at the perinulear region with co‐expressed Stat3, which inhibits Stat3 nuclear translocation stimulated by epidermal growth factor (EGF). GRIM‐19 represses Stat3 transcriptional activity and its target gene expression, and also suppresses cell growth in Src‐transformed cells and a Stat3‐expressing cell line. Our data suggest that GRIM‐19 is a novel negative regulator of Stat3.