Management of chylous fistulas

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Abstract
Chylous fistula following radical neck dissection is a disturbing and potentially serious complication. Meticulous surgical technique in the areas of the thoracic duct on the left and the lymphatic ducts on the right will usually prevent the occurrence of a chylous leak. If one should develop, however, a pressure dressing alone is usually not sufficient to tamponade the leaking vessel. The patient should be returned to the operating room where the leak is identified and ligated. Loss of chyle from the body will rapidly deplete the body stores of fluid, proteins, and electrolytes. Careful monitoring of serum electrolytes and proteins and accurate replacement of these substances is essential. The anatomy, physiology, surgical technique, and treatment of the lymphatics and chylous fistulas at the base of the neck are considered herein.