Changes in phospholipids and acyl group composition of rat mammary gland during pregnant, lactating, and post‐weaning periods

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Abstract
The distribution of phospholipids as well as their fatty acid compositions of rat mammary tissues were examined during pregnant, lactating, and post‐weaning periods. There was no apparent change in phospholipids and their acyl groups during the early and late pregnant periods. However, tissue phospholipid composition was different during pregnant, early, and late lactating periods. After parturition, there was a marked increase in the proportion of diacyl‐glycerophosphorylcholine in the phospholipids of mammary tissue, but this proportion decreased gradually during lactation. The decrease in diacyl‐glycerophosphorylcholine during lactation was marked by a corresponding increase in diacyl‐glycerophosphorylethanolamine. Although the shorter chain fatty acids of triglycerides were increased during lactation, only a small proportion of these fatty acids was found in the phosphoglycerides. Marked changes in acyl group composition of individual phospholipids are found during these different physiological stages. In general, there was a rapid decrease in 20∶4 and an increase in 18∶2 in the major phosphoglycerides during parturition. The proportion of 20∶4 in the phosphoglycerides remained low throughout the entire lactating period, while that of 18∶2 continued to increase 2–3 fold. Most of the changes in acyl group of the phosphoglycerides during lactation returned to normal ca. 10 days after weaning. A possible relationship of the variation of phospholipid and acyl group compositions in mammary tissue to changes in hormonal pattern during different physiological stages is discussed.