Hypothalamic Neurotransmitters in Relation to Normal and Disturbed Eating Patternsa

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Abstract
An integrated hypothesis for explaining eating behavior must consider the organism as a whole, the multiple brain neurotransmitters and structures involved, and the diverse variables that have impact on the expression of the behavior. In this review, we will examine a variety of brain monoamines and neuropeptides, in terms of their impact on eating, and also relate these neurochemical systems to peripheral autonomic and endocrine functions. We will propose how these central and peripheral systems may interact under normal and generally stable conditions, as well as how they may help to maintain energy or nutritional homeostasis under stressful conditions, in particular, food deprivation.