Physical activity modulates the effect of a lipoprotein lipase mutation (D9N) on plasma lipids and lipoproteins

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Abstract
We investigated interactions between a mutation (D9N) in the lipoprotein lipase (LPL) gene and physical activity, as well as other lifestyle factors, on lipid traits in a population‐based sample of Dutch men and women (n=379). We used questionnaire information to classify physical activity, alcohol consumption, and smoking habits, while overweight was defined as a body mass index (BMI)> 25 kg/m2. Non‐fasting blood samples were used for the determination of lipid traits and the D9N genotype. Fifteen subjects (4%) carried the mutation. They presented with higher levels of total cholesterol, apolipoprotein (apo) B and triglycerides compared to non‐carriers. While no interactions with overweight, alcohol consumption, and smoking were found, a strong interaction between the D9N mutation and physical activity became apparent. Physically inactive D9N carriers (n=5) had considerably higher total cholesterol (+2 mmol/l, p≤0.0001) and apo B levels (+63 mg/dl, p≤0.0001) compared to non‐carriers of this mutation, whereas their high‐density lipoprotein (HDL)‐cholesterol concentrations were lower (−0.22 mmol/l, p<0.05). This was not the case for physically active D9N carriers (n=10). In conclusion, a common variant of the LPL gene (D9N) adversely affects plasma lipid and lipoprotein profiles. However, the unfavorable consequences may be counteracted by physical activity.

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