The rate of rise of alveolar carbon dioxide pressure during expiration in man.

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Abstract
Whether the rate of rise of alveolar CO2 partial pressure (PACO2) in expiration was directly proportional to the rate of pulmonary elimination of CO2 (VCO2) in man in the steady state was studied. Alveolar ventilation at rest and during exercise in man was calculated from the difference between total ventilation and dead space ventilation, and from the ratio of the rate of pulmonary CO2 elimination to the mean expired alveolar CO2 (total) fraction. The results were indistinguishable. Alveolar ventilation changed in direct proportion to the rate of CO2 elimination, confirming the isocapnia of exercise ventilation in man. The rate of rise of expiratory PACO2 in individual breaths was obtained by 2 methods. In the 1st, a pattern of respiration with constant expiratory flow in each breath brought expiratory alveolar profiles to the outermost end of the airway. In the 2nd method, the early part of the PACO2 during normal expiration was calculated from airway PCO2 and expired volume. In the steady state, expiratory PACO2 rises at a rate which is directly proportional to the rate of CO2 production.

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