Modulational instability and the Fermi-Pasta-Ulam recurrence

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Abstract
The long‐time behavior of the modulational instability of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation is investigated. Linear stability analysis shows that a finite amplitude uniform wave train is unstable to infinitesimal modulational perturbations with sufficiently long wavelengths while it is stable for perturbations with short wavelengths. Near the threshold for instability, the long‐time behavior of the unstable modulation is obtained by means of the multiple time scale technique. As a result, the Fermi–Pasta–Ulam recurrence is rediscovered, in agreement with recent experiments and with a numerical solution of the problem at hand.