Semi-empirical formulas for heavy-ion stripping data

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Abstract
All available charge state measurements for heavy ions in dilute gases and carbon foils at equilibrium or near-equilibrium conditions have been analyzed to improve semi-empirical formulas for the distribution parameters. Each experimental distribution was fit to an asymmetric function F q = Fm : exp {— 0.5 t2/(1 + εt) }, where t = (q — q0)/ρ and q0 is the maximum intensity charge value. Subsequent fits of the resultant distribution parameters q0, p, and ε to empirical functions of projectile charge and velocity yielded rms deviations of about 0.5 for q 0, 4 % for q0/Z, 5-7 % for p, and 0.03 for ε/ρ. The asymmetric distribution gives substantial improvement over previous expressions for prediction of small Fq values for heavy ions in dilute gases