Laboratory studies on the effect of crowding on phase and the life history ofSchistocerca pallens(Thunberg) (Orthoptera: Acrididae: Cyrtacanthacridinae)

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Abstract
The life-history of Schistocerca pallens (Thunberg) has been studied under controlled laboratory conditions. Both isolated and crowded stocks passed through six nymphal instars, with which the number of eye-stripes in the compound eye correspond. The mean length of nymphal life of isolated individuals was 64·8 days for males and 67·1 days for females. Mean duration of nymphal life of individuals reared in crowds was 60·1 days irrespective of sex. The mean time elapsing between the last ecdysis and the first oviposition for isolated females was 32·8 days. Each female laid an average of 6·36 egg-pods with an average of 57·8 days. Each female laid an average of 6·36 egg-pods with an average of 57·8 eggs por pod; of these 63·3% hatched. Crowded females laid their first egg-pod on the seventeenth day. They laid an average of 14·44 egg-pods per female with a mean of 60·70 eggs per pod, of which 77·58% hatched. There was no significant difference in fecundity between females grown at the two rearing densities, but there was a great difference in fertility. There was no difference in hatchling weight between the two rearing densities. No significant chromatic or behavioural variations occurred in relation to isolation or crowding, but morphometrics showed differences associated with rearing density.
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