Assessing the Implementation of Federal Coastal Policy

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Abstract
Implementation of plans and programs has been the subject of increasing scholarly inquiry in recent years. Some scholars have suggested that particular statutory, administrative, and socioenvironmental conditions are necessary for effective implementation. Applying one framework (that of Mazmanian and Sabatier) of such conditions to the federal Coastal Zone Management Act and its implementation reveals that in the 1970s the prospects for effective implementation of the act were problematic at best. Yet the implementation of the act by the Office of Coastal Zone Management has been at least a partial success, judged in terms of the goals of the act, largely because of the incentives for state participation in the program, the general political support for coastal resource management, and the substantial political and managerial skills of OCZM officials. The history of CZMA also suggests that implementation theory needs to address ways to create the conditions that foster the learning processes necessary to carry out broad and innovative programs.

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