Ca(2+)-activated Cl- currents are activated by metabolic inhibition in rat pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells

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Abstract
We report the electrophysiological and functional properties of Ca(2+)-activated Cl- currents [ICl(Ca)] in rat pulmonary artery smooth muscle and the activation of these currents by the metabolic inhibitor cyanide. Caffeine and norepinephrine (NE) evoked both Ca(2+)-activated K+ currents [IK(Ca)] and ICl(Ca) currents in voltage-clamped myocytes (-50 mV). Niflumic acid (10 microM) reduced the caffeine-induced ICl(Ca) by approximately 64% and reversibly reduced NE-induced tension. Exposure of myocytes to cyanide (2-10 mM) induced a slowly developing inward current (-50 mV) in physiological and K(+)-free solutions, which was identified as ICl(Ca) on the basis of ion selectivity and Ca2+ dependence. Cyanide elevated cytosolic Ca2+ concentration, and this elevation was markedly inhibited by preexposure to caffeine and slightly inhibited by nisoldipine. During exposure to caffeine, the Ca(2+)-activated K+ current was also augmented. Cyanide markedly prolonged ICl(Ca) activated by caffeine, increasing the half-decay time from 3.5 (control) to 29 s (cyanide); the half-decay time of the caffeine-induced IK(Ca) was not significantly affected by cyanide. The results indicate that metabolic inhibition increases [Ca2+]i and activates a prolonged, depolarizing Cl- current in pulmonary artery myocytes.