Observations on the Occurrence of Ill-Effects from Exposure to Industrial Chemicals

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Abstract
Extensive toxicological research is now done on the many new chemicals coming into use in industrial and agricultural operations, but very little is known about the geography and types of ill-effects occurring in industry from exposure to such chemicals. This subject has been examined in the present study by analysing the distribution of occupational ill-effects due to chemicals as reported by Workmen's Compensation agencies in Ontario and California. The study covered a worker population of over six million yearly from 1958 to 1963. On a 5-year average basis, injuries of the inhalation, absorption and ingestion type occurred in the same proportion in the two areas and ran just over 3 per cent of injuries of all types. There was close agreement between Ontario and California on the proportion of injuries caused by dusts—3·6 and 3·1 per cent of all fatal and non-fatal cases; 29·5 and 30 per cent of all fatal cases. Government—State level in California, Provincial and Federal in Ontario—was the most hazardous industry branch in terms of the proportion of inhalation, absorption and ingestion cases to all in the particular branch, the proportion being twice that for all industry. Other features of the experience were examined.

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