Characterization of the Fusarium Causing Pitch Canker of Southern Pines

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Abstract
The cause of pitch canker of southern pines is F. moniliforme var. subglutinans rather than F. lateritium f. sp. pini. Isolates of Fusarium from pine trees with symptoms of pitch canker are characterized by abundant production of microconidia on simple phialides and polyphialides which develop in complex, sympodially branching conidiophores. These isolates are pathogenic to slash [Pinus elliottii var. elliottii] and loblolly [P. taeda] pine seedlings. Optimum temperature for growth in culture is 24.degree. C. Five isolates of F. moniliforme var. subglutinans from pine paired with single ascospore isolates of Gibberella fujikuroi var. subglutinans from India formed fertile perithecia. Eight other Fusarium spp., F. lateritium (G. baccata), F. moniliforme, F. solani (Nectria haematococca), F. tricinctum, F. equiseti, F. semitectum, F. oxysporum and F. graminearum (G. zeae), were also recovered from pine, but these were nonpathogenic or very weakly pathogenic to pine.

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