N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors and pain

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Abstract
The N-methyl-d-aspartate subtype of excitatory amino acid receptor is abundantly distributed throughout the central nervous system and is intimately associated with physiologic processes underlying acute and chronic pain states. N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor activation after nociceptive challenge has been associated with the phenomenon of wind-up or prolonged summated second pain and with the centralization of peripheral nociceptive stimuli under chronic neuropathic conditions. Our review will focus on the putative role of the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor complex in nociceptive processing, N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor modulation in neuropathic pain states, and clinical therapeutic approaches utilizing pharmacologic blockade of the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor.

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