Paleogene Phytogeography and Climatology of South America

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Abstract
Paleogene, Maastrichtian, and Miocene floras are reviewed. They are located on continental margins, where several sedimentary basins developed. The affinities of the fossil genera to living ones allow the recognition of three paleofloras:Neotropical, Mixed, and Antarctic. These could be the forerunners, respectively, of the presently more humid dominions in Neotropical Region (Caribbean, Amazonic, and Guayano), of the drier ones (Chaqueno and Andino-Patagonico), and of the Subantarctic Dominion of the Antarctic Region. The South American climate, as indicated by the fossil floras, showed a trend to higher temperatures during the Paleocene and Lower Eocene, and a deterioration through the Middle and Upper Eocene.

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