Microbiological basis of phosphate removal in the activated sludge process for the treatment of wastewater

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Abstract
Several strains resembling members of theAcinetobacter-Moraxella-Mima group of bacteria were isolated from activated sludge-type sewage treatment plants designed for phosphate removal. The bacteria are obligate aerobes but utilize as carbon and energy sources low-molecular intermediates generated anaerobically, particularly acetate and ethanol. These bacteria can be shown to be responsible for the phosphate luxury uptake occurring in these treatment plants. The bacteria are physiologically unusual in that they perform luxury uptake of phosphates in a complete growth medium. Phosphate release occurs on addition of a carbon source to the carbon-starved bacteria, lowering pH or both. The bacteria persist in the system by virtue of their ability to form floc.