CONTENTS Introduction Biological inactivation and metabolism of oestrogens in the normal liver of animals Biological inactivation and metabolism of oestrogens in the damaged liver of animals Biological inactivation and metabolism of oestrogens in the normal human liver The role of conjugation of oestrogens in their biological inactivation Role of the enterohepatic circulation in the biological inactivation and metabolism of oestrogens in human subjects Oestrogen metabolism in human subjects with liver disease Studies in vitro Studies on urinary excretion of oestrogens using biological and chemical methods Studies on the biological effects of oestrogens on the vaginal smear and urinary sediment in liver disease Studies on the mechanism leading to increased oestrogen excretion and to symptoms of increased oestrogen activity in the organism The relation of the disturbed metabolism of oestrogens to the clinical symptoms seen in liver disease Conclusions References INTRODUCTION The nature of the changes in oestrogen metabolism in liver