A Porous, Permeable Carbonate for Use in Oil Recovery Experiments

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Introduction Previous research in the use of surfactants and polymers Previous researchin the use of surfactants and polymers in tertiary oil recovery concentrated onsandstone reservoirs, with most laboratory work for the design using Bereasandstone and with a final check on the system being made in reservoir corematerial. With increased understanding of how surfactants act to recover oilcarbonate reservoirs are being considered for surfactant flooding. However, aporous permeable, carbonate mineral is needed to permit numerous tests ofvarious compositions in carbonate rock during the design of an oil recoverysystem for carbonate reservoirs. An appropriate core material was found aftersearching for quarried, consolidated, fine-grained, carbonate minerals with 20%or more porosity and 100 md or more intergranular permeability. Only a rockmeeting these criteria will permit reproducible laboratory tests to beconducted under representative field conditions - a frontal advance rate of upto 0.6 ft/D and a pressure gradient of less than 1 psig/ft. A rock meetingthese criteria is described here. Porous Permeable Carbonate Porous Permeable Carbonate The most appropriatecombination of rock properties for core tests was found in a dolomite quarriedby J. E. Baker Co.* Baker dolomite quarried in Millersville, Sandusky County, OH, is a primary, sedimentary dolomite formed in a warm. shallow marineenvironment. This rock is from the Niagara group, Guelph formation, UpperSilurian epoch, Paleozic era and is considered 400 to 425 million years old.The dolomite is highly crystalline, generally massive and varies from nearlywhite to light TABLE 1-DATA FOR BAKER DOLOMITE Porosity, Permeability, and Grain Density Porosity, Permeability, and GrainDensity Porosity Permeability Grain Density Plug (vol%) (md) (g/cm3) Plug(vol%) (md) (g/cm3) 1 22.5 65.7 2.86 2 26.8 126.0 2.86 3 28.2 187.2 2.86 4 23.376.2 2.86 Chemical Composition Weight Percent Element Composition Ca* Mg** Fe Mn Si Cr Upper limit 0.1 0.030.01 0.01 22.6 12.7 Lower limit 0.01 0.003 0.001 0.001 Relative Displacement Index Relative Plug Displacement Index 1 +0.414 2+0.689 JPT P. 1632

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