Note on Krishnan's Reciprocity Relation in Light Scattering

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Abstract
Krishnan's relation is deduced rigorously from Maxwell's equations when scattering by a single body is considered and an average overa-ll orientation of the body is taken. When scattering by a large number of randomly-oriented particles is considered, Krishnan's relation holds true either if multiple scattering and the effect of the container walls are neglected, or if a certain symmetry condition is satisfied. Where this condition is not satisfied, deviations from Krishnan's relation may be expected at high concentrations. The desirability of extrapolating experimental results to zero concentration is emphasized. Relations analogous to Krishnan's are also deduced which do not require any averaging over orientations, but involve instead the interchange of the dielectric constant and magnetic permeability, relative to the surrounding medium, at each point of the scattering system.

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