Identification of Campaign Recruitment Strategies for a Stepped Smoking Cessation Intervention for a College Campus

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Abstract
A rapprochement of the Stepped Approach Model of health care delivery and Ajzen's Theory of Planned Behavior was used to identify campaign recruitment strategies for a stepped smoking cessation intervention for a college campus. The study examines outcome expectancies, outcome evaluations, and interest in participating in smoking cessation programs presented in graduated steps of intervention intensity. Telephone surveys were conducted with a probability sample of 191 student smokers. A significant negative trend indicates that the steps are ordered cost-effectively. Scheffé a posteriori tests also reveal that interest in Step 1 (pamphlets and brochures) was significantly higher than interest in any other step, including those representing traditional health care services (i.e., groups and individual treatments). The two strongest predictors of interest in each step were attitudes about participation and control beliefs; normative expectations about program participation discriminated between respondents with high or low interest in Steps 2 through 5. It was concluded that attitudes and control beliefs should be the focus of initial program promotion for college smoking cessation campaigns. Emphasis on attitudes, control beliefs, and especially perceived norms could be helpful in advancing unsuccessful participants to the next more intensive program in a stepped intervention.