Determination of the Internal Resistance of Leclanche Cells by Square-Wave Method

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Abstract
The internal resistance of Leclanché dry cells was studied on shelf and during discharge by means of a square‐wave technique. A constant‐current square‐wave signal was passed through the cell on test, and the potential variation across the cell displayed on a high‐sensitivity oscilloscope with differential input. The instantaneous voltage drop in the oscilloscope pattern, caused by the leading edge of the constant current square wave, indicated the internal resistance of the Leclanché cells. The internal resistance is independent of the amplitude and frequency of the applied square‐wave current and of the momentary d‐c current. The type of manganese dioxide used in the cathode mix and the composition of the electrolyte influenced the internal resistance of D‐size Leclanché cells, both undischarged and during 4‐ohm continuous discharge.

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