Abstract
Do zooplankton species occur in discrete associations of large and small species? In 36 arctic tundra ponds near Barrow, Alaska, there were 21 examples of a large species association, 9 of a small association, and 6 intermediate associations. Statistically, the species do show evidence of nonrandom association. The literature of comparative examples is used to investigate the significance of intermediate species associations in the arctic ponds and elsewhere. Intermediates are found to occur, and in some cases make up a high proportion of the observed cases. Distinct associations are the result of a constellation of the proper chemical, physical, and biological factors and, for that reason, distinct associations are expected to be uncommon.

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