Studies on the Adhesion of Glass-ionomer Cements to Dentin

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Abstract
This study investigated the bonding mechanisms of glass-ionomer cement to dentin. The approaches included mechanical determination of bond strengths, analysis of surface morphology by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal microscopy, and measurement of chemical changes of fracture bond sites by means of x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). The highest bond strengths were obtained with light-cured glass-ionomer cement. SEM and confocal images showed evidence of mechanical interlocking of cement in dentinal tubules. SIMS depth profiles confirmed the ion-exchange process between the light-cured glass-ionomer cement and the dentin surface. From corresponding XPS results, it was clear that the adhesion characteristics were significantly affected by light-curing and the chemical structure of the polymer.