Abstract
Renin release is controlled mainly by 3 mechanisms which are not mutually exclusive. The mechanisms can work together, or 1 mechanism may play a more important role than the other two. The 3 mechanims are the sympathetic nervous system, intrarenal baroreceptors and the macula densa. Renin release [in dogs, rabbits and humans] by electrical stimulation of brain stem, by .beta.-adrenergic receptors, by catecholamine infusion and angiotensin-sensitive site in brain are reported and discussed.