Tumorigenicity of cortical astrocyte cell line induced by the protease ADAM17

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Abstract
The metalloprotease ADAM17 (a.k.a. TACE) plays a pivotal role in the cleavage and activation of membrane‐anchored receptor ligands. More recently, it has been revealed that ADAM17 is a potent sheddase of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family of ligands and regulates epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activity in a variety of tumors. EGFR is a key component of autonomous growth signaling in several tumors, and correlates with the malignancy grade of astrocytoma. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that over‐expression of ADAM17 in cortical astrocytes derived from normal brain would induce a progression towards a malignant phenotype. Over‐expression of human ADAM17 (hADAM17) in the CTX‐TNA2 cortical astrocyte cell line resulted in non‐adherent growth, increased proliferation, invasiveness, production of angiogenic factors, and expression of genes associated with immature and/or neoplastic cells. hADAM17 up‐regulated EGFR and AKT phosphorylation, and increased proliferation and cell invasion were significantly dependent upon EGFR activity. When implanted in the nude mouse brain, CTX‐TNA2 cells induced low histological grade, benign intraventricular gliomas. In contrast, the same astrocytes with hADAM17 formed large malignant gliomas. Taken together, these findings suggest that unregulated ADAM17 activity induces functional changes in astrocytes that significantly advance the malignant phenotype. (Cancer Sci 2009; 100: 1597–1604)