Cardiovascular Responses to Hypothalamic, Spinal Cord and Stellate Ganglion Stimulation

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Abstract
Electrical stimulation of the hypothalamus, spinal cord and stellate ganglion was performed to determine optimal stimulation parameters for eliciting (1) maximal, and (2) best maintained cardiovascular responses. Magnitude of response was a function of various combinations of intensity, pulse duration and frequency, while maintenance of response was predominantely frequency-dependent. Optimal parameters for the best combination of both magnitude and maintenance of response were 20 cps-3 msec for both hypothalamus and spinal cord, and 10 cps-5 msec for the stellate ganglion. These experiments suggest that response decay may be due to transmitter exhaustion at higher rates of stimulation, but that other mechanisms involving failure of synaptic transmission are responsible at low stimulation rates.

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