Cardiac Effects of Isoproterenol, Norepinephrine and Epinephrine in Complete A-V Heart Block During Experimental Acidosis and Hyperkalemia

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Abstract
Acidosis was found to diminish the effectiveness of various sympathomimetic amines (isoproterenol, norepinephrine, and epinephrine) in increasing the idioventricular rate in dogs with experimentally induced complete A-V heart block. This diminution was correlated with the degree of acidosis (metabolic and respiratory). Hyperkalemia without significant pH change had no such effect.