Peristome Development in Mosses in Relation to Systematics and Evolution. III. Funaria hygrometrica, Bryum pseudocapillare, and B. bicolor

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Abstract
Peristome morphology provides much of the basis for the modern classification of mosses. Arthrodontous moss peristomes are generally divided into haplolepideous and diplolepideous types. Diplolepideous peristomes are further divided into Funaria- and Bryum-types. The Funaria-type peristome, characteristic of the Funariaceae, has been interpreted as primitive with regard to the other arthrodontous types. The complete developmental sequence leading to peristome formation in Funaria hygrometrica is the first such study from the Funariaceae. Development of the peristome in Bryum bicolor and B. pseudocapillare is also described and the sequence of cell divisions preceding differentiation of the teeth are compared to those in Funaria. An important difference between Bryum- and Funaria-type peristomes is the relative displacement of anticlinal walls in adjacent peristomial layers of the Bryum-type; displacement does not occur in the Funaria-type. We have determined that displacement can be traced both to the position of some anticlinal walls at their formation, and to the shifting of other walls late in development of Bryum-type peristomes.

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