Ecological aspects of ontogenetic shifts in prey size utilization in the bay goby (Pisces: Gobiidae)

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Abstract
Two age classes (0+ to 3+ and 4+ to 7+) of bay gobies (Lepidogobius lepidus Girard) differed in the sizes of whole prey (except polychaetes) recovered from the digestive tract. Although older fish consumed greater amounts of larger prey they did not capture larger individuals of a given prey type for seven of nine prey classes. The remaining two, harpacticoid copepods and ostracods contribute minimally to ontogenetic differences. The switch to larger prey appears to either decrease exposure to predation through a reduction in foraging time or increase energy intake. This is facilitated through older fishes greater size and/or superiority in intraspecific competition. These differences can probably be viewed as adaptations to selective pressures imposed by fluctuating food resources on predation levels in bays and estuaries.