Oxygen gradients in CHO cells: Measurement and characterization by electron spin resonance

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Abstract
The concentration of oxygen within cells is important in many physiological and pathological processes, but such oxygen‐dependent processes are generally studied as a function of the concentration of extracellular oxygen, due to a lack of suitable methods. Using a newly developed technique based on ESR spectroscopy, we show that respiration stimulation of a cell suspension can result in a significant difference between average intracellular and extracellular concentrations of oxygen. These results indicate that studies of oxygen‐dependent phenomena in cells may require measurement of intracellular oxygen concentrations and imply that there are mechanisms in cells that restrict the free diffusion of oxygen.