Experimental Haemophilus somnus Pneumonia in Calves and Immunoperoxidase Localization of Bacteria

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Abstract
Pneumonia was produced in nine, conventionally reared calves by intrabronchial inoculation with Haemophilus somnus. Volumes of pneumonic lung were determined stereologically, following serial slicing of lungs fixed by vascular perfusion. Twenty-four hours after inoculation, consistent findings were: neutrophilic to fibrinoid vasculitis, degeneration of alveolar macrophages, necrotizing bronchiolitis, suppurative bronchopneumonia, lobular necrosis, and dilation and thrombosis of lymphatics. Bacteria were identified histologically by an immunoperoxidase technique and were either free in alveoli or associated with degenerate alveolar macrophages. The latter suggests that macrophage degeneration may be a result of bacteria/macrophage interaction. Immune complex deposition is unlikely to be the principal mechanism for the vasculitis because bacterial antigen was not generally found in necrotic vessel walls, and two colostrum-deprived, H. somnus antibody-negative calves also had neutrophilic vasculitis 12 to 24 hours after inoculation with the lowest dose of H. somnus used in the above experiment.