Electron Microscopy of the Epidermis and Cuticle of the Needles of Pinus nigra var. maritima in relation to infection by Lophodermella sulcigena

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Abstract
Changes in the ultrastructure of the epidermis and cuticle of Corsican pine (Pinus nigra var. maritima (Aiton) Melville) in relation to infection of the needle by Lophodermella sulcigena (Rostr.) v Hohn were recorded throughout a growing season. Epidermal cells when young had thin walls and a thin smooth cuticle: both structures thickened with age, and the needle surface became rough. Densely packed wax tubes developed around the stomatal pore and later became scattered over the needle surface. The micro-flora present on the needles is briefly noted. Changes in the structure and micro-flora of needles as they aged are thought to contribute to the confinement of infection by L. sulcigena to the needle bases.

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