Relation between Eurasian Snow Cover, Snow Depth, and the Indian Summer Monsoon: An Observational Study

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Abstract
Satellite-derived snow cover data for 22 yr and snow depth data for 9 yr over Eurasia have been analyzed to reexamine the possible relation of snow with the Indian summer monsoon. In contrast to the previous studies that use snow cover averaged over all of Eurasia as a single number, the frequency of occurrence of snow at each grid point over Eurasia is correlated with the Indian summer monsoon rainfall. Thus specific geographical regions over Eurasia that are responsible for the well-known inverse relationship between Eurasian snow cover and Indian monsoon rainfall are delineated. It is found, somewhat surprisingly, that western Eurasia is the only geographical region for which a significant inverse correlation exists between winter snow cover and subsequent summer monsoon rainfall. However, composites for high and low snow cover over Eurasia show spatially homogeneous large-scale patterns of snow cover and surface temperature anomalies. Winters of high and low snow cover for Eurasia are found t... Abstract Satellite-derived snow cover data for 22 yr and snow depth data for 9 yr over Eurasia have been analyzed to reexamine the possible relation of snow with the Indian summer monsoon. In contrast to the previous studies that use snow cover averaged over all of Eurasia as a single number, the frequency of occurrence of snow at each grid point over Eurasia is correlated with the Indian summer monsoon rainfall. Thus specific geographical regions over Eurasia that are responsible for the well-known inverse relationship between Eurasian snow cover and Indian monsoon rainfall are delineated. It is found, somewhat surprisingly, that western Eurasia is the only geographical region for which a significant inverse correlation exists between winter snow cover and subsequent summer monsoon rainfall. However, composites for high and low snow cover over Eurasia show spatially homogeneous large-scale patterns of snow cover and surface temperature anomalies. Winters of high and low snow cover for Eurasia are found t...

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