Viscous fluid buckling of plane and axisymmetric jets

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Abstract
Experimental results are presented concerning the spontaneous oscillations observed when a high-viscosity fluid jet flows vertically against a flat surface. The two jet shapes investigated were the axisymmetric jet and the plane jet. The minimum distance from the jet orifice to the flat surface for which these oscillations are observed, termed the ‘buckling height’, was determined experimentally. The frequency of the subsequent oscillations was also determined. Both were measured as functions of fluid and flow variables. It is found that surface tension effects are the dominant factors influencing the buckling height, while the rate of oscillation is affected by both surface tension effects and by viscous, gravity and inertia effects. The major results are presented in non-dimensional form. Photographs of the buckling phenomenon are provided for representative jet geometries. It is also established experimentally that there is an upper limit to the flow Reynolds number above which buckling does not occur.

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