XPS studies of the bonding and hydrolysis of di(dioctyl)pyrophosphate ethylene titanate coupling agent on metal surfaces

Abstract
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), also known as ESCA, was used for the studies of aluminum and steel panels treated with di(dioctyl)pyrophosphate ethylene titanate (a titanate coupling agent commercially known as KR 238S). The bonding of the titanate on aluminum and steel surfaces was investigated by the use of an angle-dependent XPS technique. The XPS studies also demonstrated that the pyrophosphate groups of the titanate molecule underwent hydrolysis when the treated aluminum panel was immersed in water at room temperature.