Seroprevalence of Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type I among Homosexual Men in the United States

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Abstract
To the Editor: Human T-cell lymphotropic virus Type I (HTLV-I) and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) are human retroviruses associated with well-described clinical outcomes. HTLV-I, which has been identified in limited regions of Japan, Africa, the Caribbean, the United States, and South America, causes adult T-cell leukemia or lymphoma.1 HIV-1 causes the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and related disorders and is responsible for a global epidemic.2 HIV-1 and HTLV-I share common routes of transmission. Until recently, HTLV-I has had a limited geographic distribution among U.S. populations, with a reported prevalence of less than 1 percent in a general population . . .