The relation of aberrant vasculogenesis to skeletal malformation in the hamster fetus

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Abstract
Oral administration of teratogenic doses of retinoic acid to pregnant hamsters on day 10 of gestation is associated with dysmorphogenesis of the appendicular skeleton. During the 24h following retinoic acid treatment, the developing limb bud vasculature was disorganized, with blood vessels encroaching on areas where mesenchymal condensation of the skeletal blastemata normally occurs. Large, branching marginal folds and endothelial cell vesiculations protruded into the blood vessel lumina. It is suggested that the vascular changes observed may affect the concurrent early development of the skeleton and contribute to the skeletal malformation seen in near-term fetuses.