Use of Tropical Environments in Breeding for Oil Composition of Soybean Genotypes Adapted to Temperate Climates1

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Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the influence of genotype ✕ environment interaction on selection for fatty acid composition among soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] lines adapted to the northern United States when grown in tropical environments. Twenty lines of maturity groups I to III were grown in three environments in Iowa and four environments in Puerto Rico. Seeds from two replications in each environment were analyzed for the percentages of palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids. The line ✕ environment interactions were significant for all fatty acids; however, the phenotypic and rank correlation coefficients for the average performance of lines between Iowa and Puerto Rico were all highly significant. The lines with the lowest average percentage of palmitic, stearic, linoleic, or linolenic acid were the same at both locations. The lines with the highest percentages of the fatty acids in Iowa were ranked within the three highest lines in Puerto Rico. The results indicate that selection for fatty acid composition in tropical environments should be effective for genetic improvement of lines adapted to the northern United States.

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