Patterns of spermatophore distribution and placement in Euchaeta norvegica (Copepoda: Calanoida)

Abstract
The spermatophore in the Copepoda is an elongated flask-shaped object produced by the male copepod in which are contained the sperm and associated secretions. The male must attach the spermatophore to the female genital segment in such a position that the opening to the neck of the spermatophore, through which the sperm come out, is in contact with the opening of the female cavity. Placement of the spermatophore elsewhere, in such a manner that connexion with the female genital cavity is not achieved, may not cause fertilization and will waste sperm.