Intracranial Complications of Penetrating Orbital Injuries

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Abstract
Introduction Penetrating wounds of the orbital region which also enter the cranial cavity and cause brain damage have been regarded as rare events in the ophthalmic literature. Courville and Schillinger6 reviewed 30,000 autopsy cases and found only one instance of central nervous system involvement resulting from orbital injury or disease. This was a case of actinomycotic abscess of the orbit which spread to the temporal lobe of the brain. Byron Smith,23 in an extensive monograph on orbital injuries, does not include a discussion of penetrating orbitocranial injuries at all. Penetrating orbitocranial injuries may constitute a dire threat to the patient's survival as well as to his visual apparatus. In a series of 42 orbitocranial wounds during World War II, Webster et al28 found a 12% mortality rate. This was twice the mortality rate for penetrating cranial injuries which entered the brain by any other route. Since the

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