Primary liver tumors and oral contraceptives. Results of a survey

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Abstract
Data on 378 (in females) and 165 (in males) cases of primary liver tumors reported by 477 hospitals in the USA during 1970-1975 show that in males, 91.5% of the tumors were malignant, and in females, 43.9% were malignant and 56.1% were benign. Of 212 benign tumors in females, 96 were hepatic cell adenomas and 58 were focal nodular hyperplasias. A history of oral contraceptive use was found in nearly half of all women: 65% with benign tumors, 74% with hepatic cell adenomas and 74% with focal nodular hyperplasias. Symptoms were more severe among users. No case of intraperitoneal bleeding was observed in nonusers. Findings confirm the suggested association between oral contraceptive use and hepatic cell adenomas and focal nodular hyperplasias.