Anomalous particle creation, spectral asymmetry, and superconducting strings

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Abstract
We discuss the use of the spectral asymmetry of the Dirac Hamiltonian as a means to determine the rate of anomalous creation of chiral fermions in the presence of background gauge and scalar fields. The (suitably modified) spectral asymmetry is computed explicitly for a wide class of Hamiltonians in terms of functionals of the restriction of the Hamiltonian to lower-dimensional spaces. The result is used to determine the anomalous charge which gives rise to superconductivity of cos- mic or axion strings (vortices). It is shown that superconductivity of cosmic strings is present even when the usual finite-energy requirement is dropped and open-space boundary conditions are adopted instead. This is shown to apply to the case of axion strings as well.