Axially-Symmetric and Gamma-Unstable Deformations in Nuclei

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Abstract
In addition to the rare earth nuclei, there appear band-like structures in many regions of even-even nuclei whose neutrons are rich or dificient. These band structures are named quasi-ground, quasi-β and quasi-γ bands as counterparts of those collective states in the well-deformed region. Nuclei having the quasi-ground band are thought to be in transition regions from spherical to deformed and the low-lying quasi-β or quasi-γ band indicates the softness against the β or γ vibration of these nuclei. A method is proposed in order to predict whethera nucleus is preferable to be axially-symmetric or γ-unstable if it is deformed. This method consists of introducing an idea of preferred shapes of the proton and neutron systems in each case. By the preferred shape we mean the preferred direction of deformation that the system should have inherently. It can be predicted from the preferred shapes of protons and neutrons whether the deformation of the nucleus is axially-symmetric or γ-unstable. This method is applied to the lighter Ge, Se, Kr and Sr isotopes, the heavier Zr, Mo and Ru isotopes and the lighter Xe, Ba and Ce isotopes and its prediction is compared with the potential energy surfaces of these nuclei calculated within a framework of the time dependent Hartree-Bogoliubov theory with the pairing plus quadrupole force.

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