Mixing and Water-Mass Formation in the Australian Subantarctic

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Abstract
A cruise south of eastern Australia confirmed the formation of a Subantarctic Mode Water type in late winter on the equatorward side of the Subantarctic Front. This water type, mixed with the winter surface waters farther north, would form the T-S relation observed in the Tasman Sea intermediate waters. A subsurface formation of Antarctic Intermediate Water is supported by data collected in the Polar Frontal Zone. A matrix method for analyzing mixing indicates that the Antarctic Intermediate Water is formed from a mixture of Circumpolar Deep Water and Antarctic Surface Water, with effectively no input from the Subantarctic Mode Water. The nutrient data were found to add very little information on the mixing once the temperatures and salinities are known.

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