Chlorine Dioxide Effects on THMFP, TOXFP, and the Formation of Inorganic By‐products

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Abstract
An investigation of raw and finished waters was conducted (1) to determine whether chlorine dioxide pretreatment lowers trihalomethane (THM) and total organic halide (TOX) formation, (2) to evaluate the rate of chlorine dioxide consumption and the corresponding rate and extent of chlorite formation, and (3) to investigate the stability of chlorite in treated water and its interaction with chlorine. Results of these experiments showed that chlorine dioxide can reduce THM and TOX precursor concentrations and that when added to raw water, chlorine dioxide will not persist long enough to maintain oxidizing conditions through flocculation–sedimentation basins. Utilities should be able to meet the recommended limit of 1.0 mg/L for the sum of the residual chlorine dioxide species by not exceeding a chlorine dioxide dosage of 1.2—1.4 mg/L.