Participation of an active transport system in berberine-secreting cultured cells of Thalictrum minus

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Abstract
The release of the benzylisoquinoline alkaloid berberine from cultured cells of Thalictrum minus into the medium proved to be temperature-dependent and was suppressed by such inhibitors of the plasma membrane-bound ATPase as vanadate and diethylstilbestrol. These results indicate that berberine is secreted through an energy-requiring process located in the plasma membrane of berberine-producing T. minus cells. This is the first finding that a secondary metabolite of plant cell culture is secreted by an active transport system.