Hemodynamic Responses during Simulated Automobile Driving in a Monotonous Situation

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Abstract
Long hours of automobile driving under monotonous situations may cause the lowering of what we term a driver's activation state (DAS) or in other words the production of drowsiness, resulting in an increased risk of a traffic accident. There is therefore a need to create a newly advanced system focused on the DAS in-car, hopefully thus avoiding potentially dangerous situations. In order to develop such a system as a final goal, we have firstly set out to acquire such cardiovascular variables as beat-by-beat blood pressure (BP), RR interval from ECG and normalized pulse volume (NPV) used as a peripheral vascular tone of alpha-adrenergic sympathetic activity, during presentation to the driver of a screen movie simulating monotonous travel at constant speed on a test-course. Subsequently, we have investigated the reactivity in terms of the driver's cardiovascular hemodynamics. Through the successful monitoring of cardiovascular parameters during the movie presentation obtained in 11 healthy male subjects, the following results were obtained: The monotonous driving produces a statistically significant gradual rise in BP following drowsiness, which could be explained by enhancement of sympathetic activity using a time-frequency analysis of BP and RR. This finding strongly indicates that continuous driving in such monotonous situations can make a driver considerably stressful and thus may cause a gradual increase in BP, and that this gradual BP increase may be used as a possible index relevant to the DAS. This finding was also confirmed by the analysis of NPV, suggesting that the gradual increase in BP during the monotonous driving would be rather caused by a regulation of peripheral vasomotor constriction